A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for biperiden in animals and its extrapolation to humans.

The disposition characteristics of biperiden were investigated in rats, rabbits, beagles, and humans, and a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model was established by using the hepatic intrinsic clearance of unbound drug concentration and the tissue-to-plasma unbound concentration ratios. Protein-binding parameters and blood-to-plasma concentration ratios were determined, and linear parameters were obtained in beagles and humans over a wide concentration range. The hepatic intrinsic clearance of humans was predicted from the animal data. The coincidence of each tissue-to-plasma unbound concentration ratio between rats and rabbits was confirmed in the steady state, and the mean tissue-to-plasma unbound concentration ratios were used for the prediction of the plasma concentration-time courses of beagles and humans. The predicted lines fitted the observed plasma concentrations of beagles and a patient well after a single intravenous injection and repeated intramuscular administrations, respectively.